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Article History

Received: 12 November 2025

Accepted: 18 March 2026

First Online: 1 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Language and Literature Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (Approval No. EDU/2025/143). The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee and with established guidelines for research involving human participants. Informed written consent to participate in this study was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.

: Informed written consent for publication was obtained from all participants. No identifying personal information is disclosed in this article.

: Informed written consent, including consent to participate and consent to publish, was obtained from all participants involved in the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.