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Article History

Received: 23 October 2025

Accepted: 18 March 2026

First Online: 25 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed by the Departmental Ethics Committee of the University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh, which determined that formal ethics committee approval was not required because the research posed minimal risk and involved voluntary participation by adult students. All procedures were carried out in accordance with the institutional ethical standards and relevant national guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, their right to withdraw at any time, and the use of anonymised data in publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.