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Authors
Mailizar, Mailizar
Hidayat, Mukhlis
Syukri, Muhammad
Wijayanti, Dyana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi (094/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024)
Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi (094/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024)
Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi (094/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024)
Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi (094/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024)
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by Syiah Kuala University. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with institutional and national ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation. All participants were adults (18 years or older).
: Participants consented to the publication of anonymized data and interview excerpts.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
