Document is current

Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Accepted: 3 April 2026

First Online: 11 April 2026

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The protocol was approved by the research ethics committee of Dilla University in accordance with the Ethiopian minister of education. Which is considered during data collection and ensuring the investigation’s integrity. Moreover, written informed consent was obtained from school directors.

: In order to protect the confidentiality of research, participants’ consent was obtained, and all research participants signed it and confirming that they were properly informed about the study’s objective and rights. Their involvement was fully voluntary, and they had the right to withdraw at any point without penalty. The study followed ethical rules to ensure the confidentiality and well-being of the participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.