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Authors
Tonkolu, Seboka Geleta https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1406-2783
Mekuria, Yilfashewa Seyoum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-7340
Merawi, Tadesse Melesse https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-1356
Worku, Yonas Amdemeskel
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Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 3 April 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and determined to be exempt from formal ethical approval by the Departmental Research Ethics Committee of the Department of Adult Education and Community Development, Haramaya University. The exemption was granted under Approval Number: HU-AECD-1-01/25, in accordance with the ethical review guidelines of Haramaya University and the national research ethics regulations of Ethiopia. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were fully informed about the purpose of the study, their voluntary participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that there are no financial or personal relationships that could have inappropriately influenced the writing of this article. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency.The authors declare no competing interests.
