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Authors
Abate, Melaku Takele https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-1409
Taddese, Esayas Teshome https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-7311
Hunde, Adula Bekele https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0285-1170
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Article History
Received: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and all applicable institutional guidelines and regulations. This study received approval from the “Institutional Review Board (IRB)” of the “Jimma College of Teachers’ Education”. All procedures followed in the study complied with the principles outlined in the “Declaration of Helsinki”. All respondents provided written informed consent before participation. The consent process included detailing the study’s procedures, purpose, potential risks and benefits, and the participants’ rights, including the right to confidentiality and to withdraw at any time.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals who participated in this study, including for the use of anonymized data in academic publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
