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Article History

Received: 19 September 2025

Accepted: 23 April 2026

First Online: 12 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This research received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board for Human Research at Chiang Rai Rajabhat University (Project Number: 017-2567-Full). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from the legal guardians of all student participants, and written assent was obtained directly from the students themselves prior to their involvement in the study. Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without penalty.

: Not applicable. No individual person’s data in any form is included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.