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Article History

Received: 19 January 2026

Accepted: 28 April 2026

First Online: 2 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Rwanda College of Education (UR-CE). All procedures complied with institutional ethical standards and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.

: All participants were informed that the data collected in this study could be used for publication purposes. No personal identifiers are included in the manuscript, and all responses have been anonymized to ensure confidentiality.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The informed consent was obtained from all teachers participated in the study. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed about the purpose of the study, procedures, confidentiality of responses, and their right to withdraw at any time without any penalty.

: The authors declare no competing interests.