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Article History

Received: 25 September 2025

Accepted: 8 May 2026

First Online: 14 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Universitas Bosowa Makassar (Approval No. 235.1.03/LPPM-UNIBOS/III/2025), ensuring that all procedures adhered to established ethical standards for research involving human participants.

: All participants consented to the publication of anonymized data and illustrative quotes from the interviews. Personal identifiers have been removed to ensure confidentiality and privacy.

: All participants provided informed consent prior to their involvement in the study. They were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence.

: The authors declare no competing interests.