Amin, Jaber Hamad Jaber https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3493-7314
Eldouma, Mohamedelmustafa Yahya Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0877-6862
Mohammed, Amjed Siddig Khalid https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2048-7604
Kumari, Sakshi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-4293
Abdalla, Mushrega https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1329-6259
Elnour, Esraa https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3949-4064
Salih, Muram Mohamed Elmahadi Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2526-1973
Mohamed, Marwah Siddig Khalid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8315-0551
Mahmoud, Ali Adam Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2124-2068
Ahmed, Samah Omer Abas https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4628-0054
Omer, Ahmed Moawia Basher https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8955-4498
Siddig, Saba Mohamed Abuelhassan https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2531-8866
Elhag, Hiba Ahmed Osman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-7507
Widatalla, Sakina Magdi Osman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3025-551X
Ahmed, Zainab Mohamedsalih Elamin https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3028-746X
Alsheikh, Shima Abdelrahim Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0765-750X
Ahmed, Mariam Gafer Omer https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8299-0798
Mohamed, Israa Isam Ahmed https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1720-1285
Mohammadfarah, Asmaa Mahdi Elfadil https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6705-4062
Bashir, Eshraga Bashir Eissa https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9227-6088
Mohamed, Kamal Eldin Hashim Abbas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-906X
Diab, Mohammed Amir Mohammed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1146-1765
Al Nujoumi Abdullah Adam, Abdul Rahman https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5096-4117
Amin, Mohammed Hammad Jaber https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1366-2375
Mustafa, Mustafa Mohamed Majdeldien
Shakeel, Nabiah https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6777-4275
Elomeiri, Leina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5283-016X
Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 22 May 2026
First Online: 7 June 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the General Administration of the Health System and Research, Federal Ministry of Health, River Nile State, Sudan. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Informed written consent to participate was obtained from all participants, and confidentiality of the participants was secured.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.