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Authors
Anane, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-8903
Ayinselya, Roger Abogzuah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-9725
Avornyo, Esinam Ami https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-9833
Kwaah, Christopher Yaw https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-9761
Opoku, Ernest https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2541-8369
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Article History
Received: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 25 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with applicable ethical guidelines and regulations, and the research protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Educational Development and Outreach, University of Cape Coast. We also sought permission from the Ghana Education Service and the various districts involved in the study.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the study. Participants were provided with detailed information about the purpose of the research, the procedures involved, the voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences. Written consent was obtained before participants proceeded to participate in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
