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Authors
Kukhayeva, Zarina
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP22685451)
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 4 June 2026
Declarations
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: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Astana IT University in accordance with the ethical guidelines for research involving human participants and minors. The research was conducted in compliance with institutional regulations and internationally accepted ethical standards for educational research.
: Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating students from Akbulak-1 Flagman online school, as all participants were under the age of 16. Students also provided verbal assent prior to participation. Participation was voluntary, and students could withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
: NA.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
