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Article History

Received: 17 February 2026

Accepted: 8 June 2026

First Online: 12 June 2026

Declarations

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: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the relevant institutional and national research frameworks and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. As the author’s institution does not have a formal institutional ethics committee or Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the review of this type of educational survey research, ethical review was determined in accordance with the guidelines of the German Research Foundation (DFG; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) regarding the requirement for an ethics application. As none of the conditions requiring a formal ethics application applied to the present study, a formal ethics application was not required. In addition, prior to data collection, the scope of the research project and the survey instrument were submitted for institutional review and administrative approval to the Directorate of the Riesa campus of the Duale Hochschule Sachsen – The Cooperative State University of Saxony, and permission to conduct the study was granted. Participation in the study was voluntary. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to completing the survey. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the anonymous nature of data collection, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequences.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.