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Article History

Received: 26 December 2025

Accepted: 16 June 2026

First Online: 22 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidad Icesi. All procedures were conducted in accordance with institutional ethical guidelines and national regulations for research involving human participants. The committee determined that the project involved minimal risk and was appropriate for approval under educational research standards.All participants provided freely given and informed consent to participate in the study. For students under 18 years of age, consent to participate was obtained from their parents and/or legal guardians. Participation was voluntary, and students could withdraw at any time without consequence.

Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication of anonymized data and results was obtained from all participants and from the parents and/or legal guardians of students under 18 years of age.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.