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Authors
Kilat, Ronnel Victor B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0029-6652
Valle, Lislee C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3762-678X
Dela Cruz, Jacquiline R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5319-6420
Lim, Joshlen B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-4423
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cebu Technological University
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2026
Accepted: 21 July 2026
First Online: 12 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study, involving human participants, was reviewed and approved by the University Research Ethics Committee (UREC) of Cebu Technological University. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the UREC and in adherence to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as applicable national and institutional guidelines governing research involving human participants. All participants were informed of the study's purpose and provided informed consent prior to their participation. All participants were informed about the purpose and procedures of the study and provided written informed consent prior to their participation.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests as defined by Discover or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.
