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Authors
Nemeye, Claude https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9184-9163
Nsengimana, Théophile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-2329
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2026
Accepted: 31 July 2026
First Online: 11 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was reviewed and approved by the University of Rwanda Research Ethics Committee (RERHC) under the Directorate of Research and Innovation (UR-DRI), in collaboration with the University of Rwanda College of Education. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of Rwanda and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for research involving human participants. Informed written consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. For participants below the age of 18 years, informed written consent was obtained from their parents and/or legal guardians. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
