Maulsyid, Ramzan Pradana https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6230-9078
Arifin, Willdan Aprizal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-5519
Yulius, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-4240
Arifin, Taslim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5587-888X
Purwanto, Anang Dwi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-9302
Putra, Aprizon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-4117
Ramdhan, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-6024
Rahmania, Rinny https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-8294
Prihantono, Joko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9914-9099
Frananda, Hendry https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5714-1385
Salim, Hadiwijaya L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-4302
Triyatno, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-3853
Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Revised: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 22 November 2025
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable. This study did not involve any experiments on human participants, human data or tissue, animals, or plants. All data used were derived from field-based environmental measurements, satellite imagery, and publicly available datasets.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests, financial or non-financial, related to the research, authorship, or publication of this manuscript.