Liu, Shunlin
Chen, Ruoyu
Xu, Chengcheng
Shen, Yongjun
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hebei Expressway Group Co., Ltd. of China (Grant No. 2024-ZX-YH-15)
Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Revised: 23 December 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 9 January 2026
Change Date: 16 May 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised due to a technical error an incorrect PDF template was used.
Change Date: 21 May 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-026-00151-8
Declarations
:
: The corresponding author declares that he is an editorial board member of the journal. The authors hereby declare that there are no competing interests, either financial or non-financial, directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.