Kayes, Imrul https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8486-5244
Halim, Md Abdul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-7966
Liao, Wenxi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-4395
Karim, Md Rezaul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1003-3602
Sifton, Melanie A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-6150
Thomas, Sean C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-2483
Article History
Received: 25 February 2026
Revised: 31 May 2026
Accepted: 12 June 2026
First Online: 20 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: Sean C. Thomas is an editorial board member for Carbon Research and was not involved in the editorial review, or the decision to publish, this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.