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Article History

Received: 30 January 2025

Accepted: 14 November 2025

First Online: 13 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study adhered to the Helsinki Declaration and ethical research practices, with ethics approval granted by the Cameroon Bioethics Society (approval number: 15–340). Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection, ensuring they were fully briefed on the study’s objectives, methods, and their rights, including voluntary participation, confidentiality, and the freedom to withdraw at any time. A consent form detailed information about the researcher, institutions involved, and participants’ rights. Formally educated participants read and signed the form, while legal representatives facilitated the process for non-educated participants by discussing the content and signing on their behalf in consultation with the researcher.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.