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Authors
Wurie, Haja Ramatulai
Idriss, Ayesha
Loffreda, Giulia
Kallon, Lansana Hassim
Tengbeh, Angus Fayia
Morris, Tamba
Munu, Michael
Diaconu, Karin
Witter, Sophie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
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Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Sierra Leone Ethics and Scientific Review Committee (SLESRC) (Version: 1.0 of 12 November, 2021) and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) Research Ethics Committee (approval 21–093) in accordance with the National Sierra Leone Research Ethics Regulations, the LSTM Research Ethics Policy, the Declaration of Helsinki and Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) in collaboration with WHO (2002). All participants signed informed consent forms that clearly stated that they were free to withdraw from the study at any time and under no obligation to give a reason for their withdrawal.
: All participants were informed that the final results of the study would be disseminated through publications and presentations both in Sierra Leone and internationally. They were assured that their identities would not be disclosed in any report or publication before signing the consent form. All participants signed a consent form agreeing to the publication of the results.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
