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Article History

Received: 16 April 2025

Accepted: 26 December 2025

First Online: 29 December 2025

Change Date: 24 February 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised to correct some typographical errors and include Table 5, which had previously been omitted.

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ethics Review Committee (Approval No. NHREC/05/01/2008a) and the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta Ethics Review Committee (Approval No. NREC/06/21/2010–2015). Informed consent—both verbal and written—was obtained from each participant in accordance with the approved study protocol. The study objectives and procedures were individually explained to each participant, and the consent form was read and clarified on every clinic day prior to the interview and participation in the study. Only participants who provided consent during the study period were enrolled. This research was carried out following the guidelines of the University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ethics Review Committee and the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta Ethics Review Committee in accordance with the National Health Research Ethics Committee (NHREC) guideline for human research in Nigeria.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.