Document is current

Article History

Received: 17 September 2025

Accepted: 28 January 2026

First Online: 4 February 2026

Declarations

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: This practice aligns directly with the Declaration of Helsinki’s requirement for independent committee oversight. Sutter Health requires that all investigators involved in human subject research complete CITI web-based training. This ensures researchers are educated on and comply with ethical standards for human research, in line with the Declaration’s guidance. The Sutter Health Biobank obtained freely-given, informed consent from each participant to participate in the study and for the use of their samples and data to be used for medical research purposes. For any studies involving Sutter Health Biobank patient samples and data, investigators must obtain informed consent for each study. This process ensures that participants understand the study’s purpose, risks, and benefits before they agree to participate, a fundamental principle of the Declaration of Helsinki. Sutter Health’s “Patient Rights and Responsibilities” document explicitly states a patient’s right to be informed about any human experimentation affecting their care and their right to refuse participation in research. This reinforces the Declaration’s emphasis on respecting individual autonomy in medical research. All Sutter Health Biobank participants signed informed consent forms that clearly state that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time and are under no obligation to give a reason for their withdrawal.

: The authors consent to publication of this manuscript and are responsible for its content. All participants were informed that results of the study would be disseminated through publications and presentations. They were assured that their identities would not be disclosed in any report or publication before signing the consent form. All participants signed a consent form agreeing to the publication of the results.

: The authors declare no competing interests.