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Article History

Received: 8 January 2026

Accepted: 20 August 2026

First Online: 27 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was approved by the Ethics committee of the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) and given a certificate with Ref. No, DA.282/298/01.C/3012.

Consent to participate: Written informed consent for participation was obtained from the study participants. The consent form was written in Swahili explaining the right to voluntary participation in the study and the respondents were asked to sign it before the start of the interview. The researcher provided background information and the reasons for conducting the study and ensured the confidentiality of the information provided.

Consent for publication: The authors declare that they have obtained the necessary consent for publication from all participants. No identifiable personal information is included in this manuscript.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.