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Article History

Received: 26 August 2024

Accepted: 28 November 2024

First Online: 18 December 2024

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the lead ethics committee (Ethics Committee Northwest and Central Switzerland, EKNZ, Project ID: 2021 − 00362); and other responsible ethics committees in Switzerland (i.e., Bern, Geneva, Eastern Switzerland, Ticino, Vaud, and Zurich). Written informed consent has been obtained by the participants and or the parents/legal guardians. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: JB received grant support paid to the institution from the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (PediCaP, RIA2017MC-2023), Horizon 2020 (NeoIPC, grant 965328), the Swiss National Science Foundation (KIDS-STEP, grant 173532), National Institute for Health Research (CAP-IT, project 13/88/11), Innosuisse (SPEARHEAD flagship grant), the Swiss Personalised Health Network (Secretariat for Education Research and Innovation) (SwissPedHealth, award NDS-2021-911), in the past 36 months; consulting fees paid to the institution from Shionogi, Sandoz, Basilea, and GSK; payments to the institution for presentations, lectures, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events in the past 36 months from Pfizer, Sandoz, and Bayer; participated at independent data monitoring committee boards of Avenir trial (member, expenses), Lakana trial (member, unfunded), CURLY trial (Chair, unfunded) in the past 36 months; is the vice president of the SwissPedNet (unpaid) and leadership of Severe Bacterial Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance working group of the Penta Foundation (unpaid). TW gave presentations for Novartis (payment to the institution) in the past 36 months. All other authors declare no competing interests.