Tomidis Chatzimanouil, Markos K.
Bruns, Nora
Dohna-Schwake, Christian
Blomenkamp, Susanne
Lieftüchter, Victoria
Biedermann, Richard
Mand, Nadine
Lampe, Sarah
Merker, Michael
Hort, Stefanie
Hess, Anja
Dubrow, Romina
Hoffmann, Florian
Brenner, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-7128
Urschitz, Michael S.
Olivieri, Martin
,
Wentzel, Vera
Wemhöner, Andreas
Baertling, Fabian
Meudt, Christopher Manuel
Eisen, Johannes Martin
Groffmann, Maximilian
Baier, Jan
Hübner, Katharina
Freymann, Holger
Spang, Christian
Terpe, Friederike
Wessel, Annika
Nitsch-Felsecker, Patrizia
Schubert, Tillman
Hübler, Axel
Höpner, Uwe
Heimberg, Ellen
Moussa, Ali
Essers, Jochen
Beringer, Ortraud
Fiedler, Kai
Sentner, Christiaan Peter
Warncke, Gert
Irlbeck, Sarah
Hayer, Lisette
Grebe, Beatrice
Funding for this research was provided by:
Technische Universität Dresden
Article History
Received: 7 July 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
:
: A formal ethic board review and approval was initially obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Mainz (study ID: 2022–16893). Local ethic board approvals were additionally obtained depending on the requirements of the local ethics committees of each participating hospital.
: All authors approved the final version submitted for publication.
: MO is Head of Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine Section, DIVI. SB, AH, RD, and MU received financial support from the BINZ Foundation. The other authors declare no competing interests.