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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471242)
Shanghai Rehabilitation Medical Research Center (2023ZZ02027)
Sunshine Program for Clinical Research Incubation funded by Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (2024CRZD010)
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2024
Revised: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 20 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study used de-identified data from the MIMIC-IV database, compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) standards and relevant regulations. The researchers completed NIH's "Protecting Human Research Participants" training (Certification ID: 6430078). No patient consent was required due to data anonymization.
: All authors have reviewed and approved the publication of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
