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Integrating BIS and cerebral oximetry in anesthesia: a narrative review on advanced monitoring for cardiac surgery

Published Online: 2026-02-04

Authors

Sherazi, Muqaddas Zahra

Kadiman, Suhaini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3278-2196
Sulaiman, Suneta
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-04

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Article History

Received: 12 July 2025

Revised: 21 October 2025

Accepted: 27 October 2025

First Online: 4 February 2026

Declarations

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: Not applicable.

: All the authors agree for the subject publication and the policies of the publisher.

: All authors declare no competing interests.

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