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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82401498)
The "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang (2025C02082)
Key Project of Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province (WKJ-ZJ-2536)
The Incubation of Young Clinical Scientist, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (CHZJU2024YS001)
The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Pre-Research Fund (CHZJU2023YY006)
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Revised: 21 November 2025
Accepted: 23 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable.
: All authors gave their consent for publication.
: Daqing Ma is one of the Editors-in-Chief in Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science and was not involved in any aspect of the editorial process for this submission, including peer review and academic decision-making. The authors declare no other competing interests.
