Liu, Bing
Wang, Peijuan
Zhu, Wei
Yu, Cong
Jia, Liyong
Shi, Xiaotong
Wang, Zhi
Xu, Ting
Li, Qian
Yang, Xudong
Zhao, Juzhao
Zheng, Zhoupeng
Li, Yong
Xing, Na
Zhang, Tiejun
Zhao, Nan
Shan, Weifang
Chen, Qiumiao
Zhang, Lina
Liu, Yanyu
Sun, Yuyan
Guo, Zijian
Hong, Qiuyuan
Tang, Sulin
Qi, Xiaofei
Li, Yanna
Wang, Li
Ji, Zhaohua
Lu, Rui
Zhang, Hui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-787X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases (LCA202005)
Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Revised: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The protocol received approval from the Ethics Committees of all participating centers (Supplementary Table S1). All selected patients were provided with the study information, and written informed consent was obtained.
: All authors gave their content for publication.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.