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Benchmark evaluation of OpenAI-o1 vs DeepSeek-R1 for junior anesthesiologists in Chinese hospitals: hazards of fast large language models use in high-stakes specialties

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44254-026-00176-z

Published Online: 2026-08-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Wu, Zhuoxi

Tan, Yuting

Chen, Qin

Ye, Xinming

Zhang, Qin

Bi, Jiefeng

Li, Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-0829
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Key Project of Chongqing Municipal Special Fund for Technological Innovation and Application Development (CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0179)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-08-04

Version of Record valid from 2026-08-04
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Article History

Received: 5 December 2025

Revised: 8 March 2026

Accepted: 28 April 2026

First Online: 4 August 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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