Osman, Eyas Gaffar A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-3705
Article History
Received: 6 July 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the author. Therefore, formal ethical approval is not applicable. Formal ethical approval was not applicable as the study used only secondary, publicly available data and simulated data, involving no human subjects or experimental procedures. Not Applicable as the manuscript does not contain any identifying information or images of study participants. The sole author has reviewed, approved, and consented to the final version and publication of the manuscript.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.