Zhou, Lebin https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1167-3098
Ruan, Cihan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3094-0505
Ling, Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-7937
Chen, Zhenghao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0155-4462
Wang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3765-5241
Jiang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6672-9783
Funding for this research was provided by:
Futurewei Technologies
Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Revised: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Wei Wang and Wei Jiang are employees of Futurewei Technologies Inc. During the period this research was conducted, Lebin Zhou and Cihan Ruan were research interns at Futurewei Technologies Inc. Nam Ling is a professor at Santa Clara University and the Ph.D. advisor for Lebin Zhou and Cihan Ruan. The remaining author, Zhenghao Chen, declares no competing interests. This study received support from Futurewei Technologies Inc.