Jin, Xiaoxu https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1751-2751
Guan, Weinan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7128-5002
Wang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8598-0831
Dong, Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2763-7832
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62372452)
Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Revised: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Jing Dong is an Associate Editor at Visual Intelligence and was not involved in the editorial review of this article or the decision to publish it. The authors declare that they have no other competing interests.