Shen, Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-4016
Cong, Xiaofeng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-3507
Ding, Henghui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-6526
Zhang, Yulun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2288-5079
Jiang, Xudong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9104-2315
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62472104)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62502006)
Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology (2025yjrc0015)
Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Revised: 16 January 2026
Accepted: 18 January 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Henghui Ding and Yulun Zhang are Associate Editors at Visual Intelligence and were not involved in the editorial review of this article or the decision to publish it. The authors declare that they have no other competing interests.