Ismail, Syazwan Aizat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-1649
Ibrahim, Mohd Faiz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4680-4410
Crüts, Björn https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5580-3301
Rajendiran, Sakshaleni
Mohammad Sham, Noraishah
Makhtar, Muaz Mohd Zaini https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8140-213X
Article History
Received: 27 February 2026
Accepted: 10 August 2026
First Online: 10 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol received formal ethical approval from the Malaysia National Medical Research Registry (NMRR Reference: KKM.NIHSEC. P18-1489(6); NMRR-17-3449-39116). Informed written consent was successfully obtained from all individuals who chose to participate in the study.
Competing interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.