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Article History

Received: 16 April 2024

Accepted: 6 February 2025

First Online: 28 February 2025

Declarations

:

: All human and/or animal subjects involved in this study were treated in strict adherence to ethical principles and regulations established by the University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana. Data collection from participants was carried out with their informed consent, and subsequent analysis adhered to standardized methodologies developed by the Graduate School of the University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana. Participants were thoroughly briefed on the purpose and usage of their data, providing explicit consent for its publication. Moreover, the data collection process received approval from Dr. Dzigbodi Adzo Doke, the Head of the Department of Environment and Sustainability Sciences at the University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana. Dr. Doke’s oversight ensured alignment with the university’s ethics and regulations, guaranteeing that all procedures adhered to established guidelines and were conducted with compassion and respect.

: The authors declare no competing interests.