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Authors
Jordan, Kelvin P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-5335
Muller, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-5751
Usman, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-3277
Bailey, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-3527
Burton, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-3075
Lawton, Sarah A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8909-2057
Mallen, Christian D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2677-1028
Mason, Kayleigh J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-0669
Wathall, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7107-5785
van der Windt, Danielle A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-6703
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Staffordshire County Council
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2025
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Declarations
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: This research project involves the use of data that has been anonymised in accordance with the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) and in alignment with guidance provided by the Health Research Authority (HRA). The need for informed consent was therefore waived with approvals provided by Keele University Research Ethics Committee and the Health Research Authority (HRA) (Reference: 22/PR/0078). The study complies with the ethical approval requirements.
: This study used anonymised medical record data. As patients cannot be identified from the data made available to researchers, individual patient consent is not required. Patients were excluded if they had asked for their medical records not to be used for research and had a relevant code indicating this in their records.
: Funding for the study was obtained from Staffordshire County Council.
