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Authors
Venter, Somien
Witte, Andrew
Haneklaus, Nils
Brink, Hendrik
Chirwa, Evans
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Rand Water (Rand Water Research Chair in Water Utilisation Engineering)
OeAD-GmbH (Africa Uninet P119)
National Research Foundation (CSRP220420402)
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2025
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
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: All experimental procedures involving marine organisms in this study were conducted in accordance with institutional, national, and international guidelines for the ethical treatment of animals in research. Ethical approval for this work was obtained from the University of Pretoria Ethics Committee, under ethics clearance reference number EBIT/214/2023. No endangered or protected species were harmed or collected from the wild, and all necessary permissions were secured prior to conducting the research.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
