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Authors
Faradillah, Pursatul
Sultan, Al Amin Mohamed
Samat, Khairul Fadzli
Sobri, Sharizal Ahmad
Alghamdi, Ahmed S.
Mativenga, Paul
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (KESIDANG SCHOLARSHIP)
UTeM-MEGATRAX (INDUSTRI (MTUN)/MEGATRAX/2024/ FTKIP/I00089)
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study involved anonymous, non-invasive surveys with industry professionals and posed minimal risk to participants. Ethical approval was waived by the Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), in accordance with institutional and national research ethics guidelines, including the Malaysian Code of Responsible Conduct in Research, Second Edition (2020). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Respondents were informed of the study purpose, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw at any stage before providing their responses.
: Not applicable. This study did not include any identifiable participant data requiring consent to publish.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
