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Article History

Received: 9 June 2025

Accepted: 6 November 2025

First Online: 21 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Name of Board/ Committee: This Research study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines established by the Graduate Studies Committee of the Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan. The committee reviewed and granted approval for the study instruments and protocols, ensuring compliance with ethical standards and guidelines pertinent to academic research. All the research participants gave their informed consent for participation in this research before they participated in the study. The study abided by relevant Ethics Guide and ethical practices. Participants were protected from any emotional, physical, mental or any other forms of harm and were given the right to refuse to answer any question(s) if they wish to do so. In addition, the research participants’ privacy were protected at all times.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.