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Article History

Received: 3 July 2025

Accepted: 5 December 2025

First Online: 18 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Department Review Panel, during the Propositional Seminar of the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,; in accordance with the institutional guidelines and the ethical standards outlined in the National Research Ethics Code of Nigeria. No medical human subject or biological materials were involved in this study. An informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to their participation in the study as contained in the copies of questionnaire administered. In addition, all analytical and geospatial procedures followed the established technical guidelines, data-use policies, and regulatory standards applicable to environmental and geospatial research.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.