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Article History

Received: 21 July 2025

Accepted: 26 December 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: It was affirmed by the Research Ethical Review Committee (RERC) of Ambo University that no formal approval was needed as the study involved no collection of personally identifiable or sensitive information. Bole sub-city, where the study was conducted, provided permission, and support letter before the data collection. The nature and purpose of the study was well communicated to the participants prior to data collection. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all the participants before the completion of the survey and no data was collected from individuals under the age of 18. The households and the participants were given the right to refuse to take part in the study as well as to withdraw at any time during the study. Moreover, all participants were assured of confidentiality.

: Not applicable. This manuscript has no any individual person’s identifiable data (including names, photo graphs, or personal details).

: The authors declare no competing interests.