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Authors
Tholo, Harineck Mayamiko
Nyengere, Jabulani
Chisenga, Chikondi
Chinkaka, Emmanuel
Mwase, Weston
Kachamba, Daudi
Gawa, Tiwonge
Tchuwa, Isaac
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Malawi University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Committee (MUSTREC) in accordance with the USA Office of Human Research Protections (OHRP), IRB Number: IRB00012588, FWA Number: FWA00029630. While approved by the institution, the authors stated in the research proposal that ethical standards would be followed in the study. The authors ensured adherence to international and national ethical guidelines, as well as all requirements provided by MUSTREC.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that there exists no known conflict of interest in this paper.
