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Article History

Received: 10 November 2025

Accepted: 22 January 2026

First Online: 2 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study received ethical approval from the Kotebe University of Education Research Ethics Review Committee, in accordance with the Ethiopian National Research Ethics Review Guideline (Fifth Edition). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study before data collection. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study and confidentiality protections before data collection.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.