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Article History

Received: 27 November 2025

Accepted: 15 February 2026

First Online: 13 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study involved participatory research appraisal techniques which were applied after being approved by the University of Dar Es Salaam Research Ethics Committee (REC) and the University Research Information Management System (RIMS). Important permits for conducting research were obtained from the respective study Regions Administrative Secretaries (RAS) and the District Administrative Secretaries (DAS) for the two Districts. All the National guidelines and regulations were adhered during data collection. Prior to the commencement of the surveys, all respondents were provided with detailed information regarding the study’s objectives, procedures, and potential benefits to ensure informed decision-making. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all respondents. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. All procedures were conducted in accordance with established ethical research guidelines, with full respect for participants’ rights, privacy, and confidentiality.

: All beekeeping respondents participated in the study voluntarily. Prior to data collection, participants were fully informed about the objectives of the study and that the information they provided would be used for scientific analysis and publication purposes. Written informed consent to publish the anonymized results was obtained from all respondents.

: The authors declare no competing interests.