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Article History

Received: 5 May 2025

Accepted: 2 March 2026

First Online: 5 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The Board of Advanced Studies at Pabna University of Science and Technology in Bangladesh granted necessary approval for this study upon request, following a thorough review process that emphasized the importance of ethical standards in research. The board granted the necessary approval before the commencement of the study. This approval ensures that the research adheres to established ethical guidelines, safeguarding the rights and welfare of all participants involved. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants received comprehensive information on the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and the measures implemented to ensure confidentiality and data protection. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any stage without consequence.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.