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Article History

Received: 26 December 2025

Accepted: 3 March 2026

First Online: 12 March 2026

Declarations

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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Injibara University, Ethiopia. All procedures were conducted in accordance with institutional ethical guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the study (all study participants were adults over 20 years old). Participants were fully informed about the research objectives, data collection procedures, potential risks and benefits, measures taken to ensure confidentiality, and the voluntary nature of their involvement, including their right to decline participation or withdraw at any time without any consequences. The consent process emphasized participant understanding and provided opportunities for questions and clarification before and during the study. This process was conducted in accordance with procedures approved by the Research Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Injibara University, Ethiopia.

: Informed consent to publish was obtained from all participants. Participants were made aware that anonymized data and narratives could be included in scholarly publications. No real names or directly identifying information appear in the manuscript. Where photographs or contextual details had the potential to reveal identity, explicit informed consent for publication in an open-access academic outlet was secured from the participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.