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Authors
Itoje-Akpokiniovo, Lilian Oghenenyoreme
Irogbo, Prosper Uyoyou
Gaaz, Tayser Sumer
Omoriwhovo Enoch, O.
Akpo, Morenike Olufunmilayo
Edo, Great Iruoghene
Yousif, Emad
Owheruo, Joseph Oghenewogaga
Oghroro, Ephraim Evi Alex
Igbuku, Ufuoma Augustina
Essaghah, Arthur Efeoghene Athan
Ahmed, Dina S.
Makia, Raghda S.
Umar, Huzaifa
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 8 June 2026
First Online: 13 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance for the study was granted by the Delta State Ministry of Health Research Ethics Committee on May 25, 2025, under approval number DELTA/18/07/2022. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the research strictly followed ethical principles governing studies involving human subjects throughout the data collection process. In accordance with the institutional guidelines and the ethical standards outlined in the National Research Ethics Code of Nigeria. No medical human subject or biological materials were involved in this study. An informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to their participation in the study as contained in the copies of questionnaire administered. In addition, all analytical procedures followed the established technical guidelines, data-use policies, and regulatory standards applicable to environmental research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
