Andualem, Zemenu Awoke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-7883
Tarkegn, Temesgen Gashaw
Ayalew, Atinkut Kelemu
Article History
Received: 27 March 2026
Accepted: 6 July 2026
First Online: 21 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Research Ethics Committee of Injibara University prior to the commencement of the research. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision) and complied with the ethical guidelines and regulations of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Research Ethics Committee of Injibara University. All research procedures involving human participants were reviewed and approved to ensure the protection of participants' rights, dignity, privacy, confidentiality, and well-being throughout the study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study. Additionally, they were thoroughly informed about the research objectives, procedures, potential risks, and expected benefits.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.